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另外，大家翻譯時，最好校驗一下，便于朋友們理解。
1.7 EXTRUDED DIELECTRIC POWER CABLES
Theuse of natural and synthetic polymers for industrial applications (during andafter World War II) led to this technology being applied for cable insulation;in contrast to paper-insulated cables, these polymers could be extruded.Natural rubber was used first and synthetic rubber followed; as developmentscontinued, butyl rubber became a material of choice for cable insulation for awhile. Further developments led to newer synthetic elastomeric (rubbery)polymers, such as Neoprene (1931), chloroprene, and Hypalon (1951). The newerpolymers, as they were developed, facilitated improvements in processing orproperties (e.g., longer term reliability on aging, or flame resistance) andall were used concurrently depending on the application. Ethylene-propylenepolymers (EPR) were employed in the 1960s as replacement for butyl rubber, buttheir usage, while steady, did not increase until the 1980s. It is to be notedthat improvement in the insulation properties of elastomers was related notonly to the polymer itself but also to the nature of the additives used.
High molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), which is not anelastomer, was extrudable and its development (starting in 1941) triggered adramatic change in the insulation of cables for the transmission anddistribution of electrical energy. Thermoplastic polyethylene was actuallyintroduced during World War II for high-frequency cable insulation. By 1947,HMWPE was furnished as 15 kV cable insulation. Wide usage began with theadvent of URD systems in the early 1960s. In the mid-1960s, conventional HMWPEwas the material of choice for the rapidly expanding URD systems in the UnitedStates. It was superior to butyl rubber for electrical properties and moistureresistance. These cables were used as loop circuits for #2 and #1/0 AWG cables.The domination of polyethylene lasted until the mid-1970s.
Furtherdiscussion of the more modern insulation materials such as HMWPE, cross-linkedpolyethylene (XLPE), and EPR is in Chapter 5, “Electrical InsulationMaterials.”
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1.7電力電纜擠出絕緣
二戰(zhàn)后，天然和人造聚合物應(yīng)用于電纜行業(yè)，促進(jìn)了擠出工藝的發(fā)展。首先，天然橡膠用于電纜行業(yè)，然后是人造橡膠，這些聚合物都是可以擠出的。隨后，丁基橡膠成為了電纜絕緣料的選擇。更進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展，研制出了人造彈性體聚合物，如1931年的氯�。ǘ┫鹉z，氯丁二烯，和1951年的海帕倫。這些新的聚合物，在產(chǎn)品工藝和產(chǎn)品特性（如老化和耐火）上的都有了極大的改善。同時這些特性也被用在了各種不同的特定場合。20世紀(jì)60年代開發(fā)了EPR，用于取代丁基橡膠。但是直到20世紀(jì)80年代，才開始穩(wěn)步應(yīng)用。這也標(biāo)志著，絕緣材料的性能不僅是由絕緣料本身的特性所決定的，同時也受添加劑影響。
高分子量聚乙烯，并不是彈性體，但是仍然可以擠出，它的發(fā)展給輸配電領(lǐng)域帶來了神奇的改變。在二戰(zhàn)后，熱塑性的聚乙烯被應(yīng)用于高頻電能的輸配電。到1947年，高分子量聚乙烯用作15kV電纜的絕緣。20世紀(jì)60年代開，隨著地下住宅輸配電系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，高分子量聚也隨之同步發(fā)展。在20世紀(jì)60年代中期，在美國，高分子量聚乙烯也成為了迅速開發(fā)地下住宅輸配電系統(tǒng)的必然選擇。高分子量聚乙烯在電性能和耐濕性能上要優(yōu)于丁基橡膠。這些絕緣被用在AWG #2和ＡＷＧ＃１/０號導(dǎo)體上。它的統(tǒng)治地位一直待續(xù)到２０世紀(jì)７０年代。
關(guān)于ＨＭＷＰＥ,XLPE,和EPR，更進(jìn)一步的討論，將在第5章“電介質(zhì)絕緣料”進(jìn)行討論。
［Munger 在 2016-11-10 10:57:51 編輯過］