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UL94 塑料的燃燒級別

Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances

TESTS

7 Horizontal Burning Test; HB

(ASTM D 635, D 4804, IEC 707, or ISO 1210)

7.1 Test criteria

7.1.1 A material shall be classified HB when tested as described in 7.2.1 – 7.5.10.

7.1.2 A material classed HB shall (also see 7.1.4):

a) Not have a burning rate exceeding 40 mm per minute over a 75 mm span for specimens having a thickness of 3.0 – 13 mm, or

b) Not have a burning rate exceeding 75 mm per minute over a 75 mm for specimens having a thickness less than 3.0 mm, or

c) Cease to burn before the 100 mm reference mark. See 7.5.1 and 7.5.9.

*7.1.2 revised July 29, 1997*

7.1.3 A material classified HB in the 3.0 +0.2 mm thickness shall automatically be classed HB down to a 1.5

mm minimum thickness without additional testing. *7.1.3 revised July 29, 1997*

7.1.4 If only one specimen from a set of three specimens does not comply with the requirements, another set of three specimens is to be tested. All specimens from this second set shall comply with the requirements in order for the material in that thickness to be classified HB.

*7.1.4 revised July 29, 1997*

7.2 Test apparatus

7.2.1 See 5.1, 5.2, 5.5 – 5.12, 5.20 and 5.21.

7.3 Test specimens

7.3.1 All specimens shall be cut from sheet material, or shall be cast or injection, compression transfer or pultrusion molded to the necessary form. After any cutting operation, care is to be taken to remove all dust and any particles from the surface; cut edges are to have a smooth finish. Fabrication of test specimens shall be in accordance with current ASTM Practices.

7.3.2 Standard bar specimens are to be 125 ±5 mm long by 13.0 ±0.5 mm wide, and provided in the minimum thickness and 3.0 (-0.0 +0.2) mm thick. The 3.0 mm thick specimens are not necessary if the minimum thickness is greater than 3.0 mm, or the maximum thickness is less than 3.0 mm. The maximum thickness is not to exceed 13 mm. The maximum width is not to exceed 13.5 mm, the edges are to be smooth, and the radius on the corners is not to exceed 1.3 mm.

7.3.3 Material Ranges – If a material is to be considered in a range of colors, densities, melt flows, or reinforcement, specimens representing these ranges are also to be provided.

7.3.4 Specimens in the natural and in the most heavily pigmented light and dark colors are to be provided and considered representative of the color range, if the test results are essentially the same. In addition, a set of specimens is to be provided in the heaviest organic pigment loading, unless the most heavily pigmented light and dark colors include the highest organic pigment level. When certain color pigments (for example, red, yellow, or the like) are known to affect flammability characteristics, they are also to be provided.

7.3.4 revised June 10, 1997

7.3.5 Specimens in the extremes of the densities, melt flows and reinforcement contents are to be provided and considered representative of the range, if the test results are essentially the same. If the burning characteristics are not essentially the same for all specimens representing the range, evaluation is to be limited only to the materials in the densities, melt flows, and reinforcement contents tested, or additional specimens in intermediate densities, melt flows, and reinforcement contents are to be provided for tests.

7.4 Conditioning

7.4.1 Two sets of three specimens are to be preconditioned as in 6.1.

7.5 Procedure

7.5.1 Three specimens are to be tested. Each specimen is to be marked with two lines perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bar, 25 ±1 mm and 100 ±1 mm from the end that is to be ignited.

7.5.1 revised April 30, 1997

7.5.2 Clamp the specimen at the end farthest from the 25 mm mark, with its longitudinal axis horizontal and its transverse axis inclined at 45 ±2 degrees. The wire gauze is to be clamped horizontally beneath the specimen, with a distance of 10 ±1 mm between the lowest edge of the specimen and the gauze with the free end of the specimen even with the edge of the gauze. See Figure 7.1.

7.5.2 revised April 30, 1997

7.5.3 The methane gas supply to the burner shall be arranged as in Figure 7.3 and adjusted to produce a gas flow rate of 105 ml/min with a back pressure less than 10 mm water. See ASTM D 5207.

7.5.4 The burner is to be placed remote from the specimen and ignited. Adjust the burner to produce a blue flame 20 ±1 mm high. The flame is to be obtained by adjusting the gas supply and the air ports of the burner until an approximate 20 ±1 mm yellow-tipped blue flame is produced. Increase the air supply until the yellow tip disappears. Measure the height of the flame again and adjust it if necessary.

7.5.5 The test flame shall be calibrated in accordance with ASTM D 5207 at least once a month and when the

gas supply is changed, test equipment is replaced, or when data is questioned. *7.5.5 revised July 10, 1998*

7.5.6 If the specimen sags at its free end during the initial set up, the support fixture illustrated in Figure 7.2 is to be positioned under the specimen with the small extending portion of the support fixture at least 20 mm from the free end of the specimen. Enough clearance is to be provided at the clamped end of the specimen so that the support fixture is capable of being freely moved sidewards. As the combustion front progresses along the specimen, the support fixture is to be withdrawn at the same approximate rate.

7.5.6 revised June 10, 1997

7.5.7 Apply the flame to the free end at the lower edge of the specimen. The central axis of the burner tube is to be in the same vertical plane as the longitudinal bottom edge of the specimen and inclined toward the end of the specimen at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the horizontal. See Figure 7.1.

7.5.8 Position the burner so that the flame impinges on the free end of the specimen to a depth of 6 ±1 mm. Apply the test flame for 30 ±1 seconds without changing its position; remove the burner after 30 ±1 seconds, or as soon as the combustion front of the specimen reaches the 25 mm mark (if less than 30 seconds). Start the timing device when the combustion front reaches the 25 mm mark.

7.5.9 If the specimen continues to burn after removal of the test flame, record the time in seconds, for the combustion front to travel from the 25 mm mark up to the 100 mm mark and record the damaged length, L. If the combustion front passes the 25 mm mark but does not pass the 100 mm mark, record the elapsed time in seconds and the damaged length, L, in millimeters between the 25 mm mark and where the combustion front stops.

7.5.10 The test procedure is to be conducted on at least three specimens.

7.6 Calculations

7.6.1 Calculate the linear burning rate, V, in millimeters per minute, for each specimen using the equation: V = 60 L/t

in which: V is the linear burning rate in mm/minute L is the damaged length, in millimeters t is time, in seconds

Note: If the flame front passed the 100 mm mark, L = 75 mm.

7.7 Results

7.7.1 The following are to be recorded for each specimen: a) Whether or not the flame front passed the 25 mm and 100 mm marks. b) If the flame front passed the 25 mm mark but ceased before the 100 mm mark, the damaged

length, L and elapsed time, t.

c) If the flame front passed the 100 mm mark, the elapsed time t between the 25 mm and 100 mmmarks.d) The calculated linear burning rate.

Figure 7.1
Horizontal burning test for HB classification
Figure 7.2
Flexible specimen support fixture

8 20 mm Vertical Burning Test; V-0, V-1, or V-2

(ASTM D 3801, IEC 707, or ISO 1210)

8.1 Test Criteria

8.1.1 Materials shall be classified V-0, V-1, or V-2 on the basis of results obtained on small bar specimens

when tested as described in (8.2.1 – 8.5.6). *8.1.1 revised July 29, 1997*

8.1.2 Some materials, due to their thinness, distort, shrink, or are consumed up to the holding clamp when subjected to this test. These materials may be tested in accordance with the test procedure in Thin Material Burning Test; VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2... Section 11, provided specimens can be properly formed.

*8.1.2 revised July 29, 1997*

8.1.3 Table 8.1 specifies the material classifications.

Table 8.1
Materials classifications

Criteria conditions	V-0	V-1	V-2
Afterflame time for each individual specimen t or t1 2 Total afterflame time for any condition set (t plus t for the 5 specimens)1 2 Afterflame plus afterglow time for each individual specimen after the second flame application (t +t )2 3 Afterflame or afterglow of any specimen up to the holding clamp Cotton indicator ignited by flaming particles or drops	#10s #50s #30s No No	#30s #250s #60s No No	#30s #250s #60s No Yes

*Table 8.1 revised July 29, 1997*

8.1.4 If only one specimen from a set of five specimens does not comply with the requirements, another set of five specimens is to be tested. In the case of the total number of seconds of flaming, an additional set of five specimens is to be tested if the totals are in the range of 51 – 55 seconds for V-0 and 251 – 255 seconds for V-1 and V-2. All specimens from this second set shall comply with the appropriate requirements in order for the material in that thickness to be classified V-0, V-1, or V-2.

*8.1.4 revised July 29, 1997*

8.1.5 Type 66 nylon materials classed V-2 shall have a relative viscosity (RV) of less than 120 in the supplied form, as determined by the method specified in 8.1.6, or if the relative viscosity is 120 or greater, the relative viscosity of the molded specimen shall not be less than 70 percent of the relative viscosity in the supplied form. *8.1.5 revised July 29, 1997*

8.1.6 The relative viscosity is to be determined by the solution method in ASTM D789, using either a pipet or Brookfield viscometer.

8.2 Test apparatus

8.2.1 See 5.1, 5.2, 5.5 – 5.8, 5.10, 5.12 – 5.15, 5.20 and 5.21.

8.3 Test specimens

8.3.1 All specimens are to be cut from sheet material, or are to be cast or injection, compression, transfer or pultrusion molded to the necessary form. After any cutting operation, care is to be taken to remove all dust and any particles from the surface; cut edges are to have a smooth finish. Fabrication of test specimens shall be in accordance with current ASTM Practices.

8.6 Results

8.6.1 The following are to be observed and recorded:

a) Afterflame time after first flame application, t .

1

b) Afterflame time after second flame application, t .

2

c) Afterglow time after second flame application, t .

3

d) Whether or not specimens burn up to the holding clamp.

e) Whether or not specimens drip flaming particles that ignited the cotton indicator.

*Figure 8.1 title revised July 29, 1997*

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測試對于塑料材料的燃燒性為部份在設(shè)備和器具 測試 7 水平的灼燒的測試; HB (ASTM D 635, D 4804, IEC 707, 或ISO 1210) 7.1 測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 7.1.1 材料將是被分類的HB 何時(shí)測試如所描述在7.2.1 - 7.5.10 。 7.1.2 材料分類的HB 將(也看見7.1.4): a) 沒有灼燒的率超出40 毫米每分鐘在一個(gè)75 毫米間距為標(biāo)本有3.0 - 13 毫米的厚度, 或 b) 沒有灼燒的率超出75 毫米每分鐘在一75 毫米為標(biāo)本有厚度少于3.0 毫米, 或 c) 停止燒在100 毫米參考標(biāo)記之前�？匆�7.5.1 和7.5.9 。 * 7.1.2 校正了1997 年7月29 日
* 7.1.3 材料被分類的HB 在3.0 +0.2 毫米厚度自動(dòng)地將是分類的HB 下來到1.5 毫米極小的厚度沒有另外測試。* 7.1.3 被校正1997 年7月29 日
* 7.1.4 如果只一個(gè)標(biāo)本從一套三個(gè)標(biāo)本不依從要求, 其它套三個(gè)標(biāo)本將被測試。所有標(biāo)本從這個(gè)第二個(gè)集合將依從要求為了材料在那種厚度是被分類的HB 。
* 7.1.4 校正了1997 年7月29 日* 7.2 測試用具 7.2.1 看見5.1, 5.2, 5.5 - 5.12, 5.20 和5.21 。
7.3 測試標(biāo)本
7.3.1 所有標(biāo)本將被削減從板料材料, 或?qū)⒈蝗坭T或射入、壓縮調(diào)動(dòng)或pultrusion 將被鑄造對必要的形式。在任一切口操作以后, 關(guān)心將被采取從表面去除所有塵土和所有微粒; 裁減邊緣將有光滑的結(jié)束。測試標(biāo)本的制造將是與當(dāng)前的ASTM 實(shí)踐符合。 7.3.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)酒吧標(biāo)本將是125 .5 毫米長由13.0 .0.5 毫米寬, 和假設(shè)在極小的厚度和3.0 (-0.0 +0.2) 毫米濃厚。3.0 毫米厚實(shí)的標(biāo)本不是必要的如果極小的厚度是大于3.0 毫米, 或最大厚度是少于3.0 毫米。最大厚度不將超出13 毫米。最大寬度不將超出13.5 毫米, 邊緣將是光滑的, 并且半徑在角落不將超出1.3 毫米。
7.3.3 物質(zhì)范圍- 如果材料將被考慮在顏色、密度、融解流程, 或增強(qiáng)的范圍, 標(biāo)本代表這些范圍并且將被提供。 7.3.4 標(biāo)本在自然和在沉重被著色的輕和暗色將被提供并且顏色的被考慮的代表排列, 如果測試結(jié)果根本上是相同。另外, 一套標(biāo)本將被提供在最重的有機(jī)顏料裝貨, 除非沉重被著色的輕和暗色包括最高的有機(jī)顏料水平。當(dāng)某些顏色顏料(例如, 紅色、黃色, 或類似物) 知道影響燃燒性特征, 他們并且將被提供。 7.3.4 被校正1997 年6月10 日 7.3.5 標(biāo)本非常密度、融解流程和增強(qiáng)內(nèi)容的將被提供和范圍的被考慮的代表, 如果測試結(jié)果根本上是相同。如果灼燒的特征根本上不是同樣為所有標(biāo)本代表范圍, 評估將只對材料被限制在密度, 融解流動(dòng), 和增強(qiáng)內(nèi)容被測試, 或另外的標(biāo)本在中間密度、融解流程, 和增強(qiáng)內(nèi)容將為測試被提供。
7.4 適應(yīng)
7.4.1 二套三個(gè)標(biāo)本將被預(yù)先處理和在6.1 。 7.5 做法
7.5.1 三個(gè)標(biāo)本將被測試。各個(gè)標(biāo)本將被標(biāo)記用二條線垂直對酒吧、25 .1 毫米和100 .1 毫米的縱向軸從將被點(diǎn)燃的末端。
7.5.1 被校正1997 年4月30 日
7.5.2 夾緊標(biāo)本在末端遠(yuǎn)從25 毫米標(biāo)記, 用它的縱向軸水平和它的橫向軸傾斜在45 .2 度。導(dǎo)線紗將被夾緊水平地在標(biāo)本之下, 以距離10.1 毫米在標(biāo)本的最低的邊緣和紗之間與標(biāo)本的自由末端以紗的邊緣。參見圖7.1 。
7.5.2 被校正1997 年4月30 日
7.5.3 對燃燒器的甲烷氣供應(yīng)將被安排和在表7.3 和將被調(diào)整導(dǎo)致105 ml/min 的氣體流速以反壓力少于10 毫米水。參見ASTM D 5207 。
7.5.4 燃燒器將是被安置的遙控從標(biāo)本和點(diǎn)燃。調(diào)整燃燒器生產(chǎn)藍(lán)色火焰20 .1 毫米高�；鹧鎸⒂烧{(diào)整獲得供氣和燃燒器的空氣口岸直到近似20 .1 毫米黃色被打翻的藍(lán)色火焰被生產(chǎn)。增加供氣直到黃色要訣消失。再測量火焰的高度和調(diào)整它如果需要。
7.5.5 測試火焰將被校準(zhǔn)與ASTM D 5207 符合至少每月一次和何時(shí) 供氣被改變, 試測器材被替換, 或當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)對表示懷疑。
* 7.5.5 校正了1998 年7月10 日
* 7.5.6 如果標(biāo)本下垂在它的自由末端在最初期間被設(shè)置, 支持裝置被說明在表7.2 將被安置在標(biāo)本之下以支持裝置的小延伸的部份在最少20 毫米從標(biāo)本的自由末端。足夠的清除將被提供在標(biāo)本的被夾緊的末端以便支持裝置是能向側(cè)面地自由地被移動(dòng)。作為燃燒前線進(jìn)步沿標(biāo)本, 支持裝置將被撤出以同樣近似率。
7.5.6 被校正1997 年6月10 日
7.5.7 向自由末端應(yīng)用火焰在標(biāo)本的更低的邊緣。燃燒器管的中央軸和標(biāo)本的縱向下緣一樣將是在垂直平面和傾斜往標(biāo)本的末端有一個(gè)角度大約45 度對水平。參見圖7.1 。
7.5.8 安置燃燒器以便火焰沖擊在標(biāo)本的自由末端對6 .1 的深度毫米應(yīng)用測試火焰30 .1 秒鐘沒有改變它的立場; 去除燃燒器在30 .1 以后秒鐘, 或當(dāng)標(biāo)本的燃燒前線到達(dá)25 毫米標(biāo)記(如果少于30 秒) 。發(fā)動(dòng)時(shí)間設(shè)備當(dāng)燃燒前線到達(dá)25 毫米標(biāo)記。
7.5.9 如果標(biāo)本繼續(xù)燒在測試火焰的撤除以后, 記錄時(shí)候在幾秒鐘內(nèi), 為了燃燒前線旅行從25 毫米標(biāo)記由100 毫米標(biāo)記決定和記錄損壞的長度, L 。如果燃燒前線通過25 毫米標(biāo)記但不通過100 毫米標(biāo)記, 記錄流逝的時(shí)間在秒鐘和損壞的長度, L, 在毫米在25 毫米標(biāo)記之間和燃燒前線停止的地方。
7.5.10 試驗(yàn)過程將被舉辦在至少三個(gè)標(biāo)本。
7.6 演算
7.6.1 計(jì)算線性灼燒的率, V, 在毫米每分鐘, 為各個(gè)標(biāo)本使用等式: V = 60 L/t 在哪些: v 是線性灼燒的率在mm/minute L 是損壞的長度, 在t 是時(shí)間的毫米, 在幾秒鐘內(nèi) 注: 如果火焰前線通過了100 毫米標(biāo)記, L = 75 毫米。
7.7 結(jié)果 7.7.1 下列將被記錄為各個(gè)標(biāo)本:
a) 是否火焰前線通過了25 毫米和100 個(gè)毫米標(biāo)記。
b) 如果火焰前線通過了25 毫米標(biāo)記但停止了在100 毫米標(biāo)記之前, 被損壞 長度、L 和流逝的時(shí)間, t 。
c) 如果火焰前線通過了100 毫米標(biāo)記, 流逝的時(shí)間t 在25 毫米和100 mmmarks.d 之間) 故意的線性灼燒的率。 圖7.1 水平的灼燒的測試為HB 分類圖7.2 靈活的標(biāo)本支持裝置 8 20 毫米垂直的灼燒的測試; V-0 、V-1, 或V-2 (ASTM D 3801, IEC 707, 或ISO 1210)
8.1 測試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
8.1.1 材料將是被分類的V-0 、V-1, 或V-2 根據(jù)結(jié)果被獲得在小酒吧標(biāo)本 當(dāng)測試如所描述(8.2.1 - 8.5.6) 。
* 8.1.1 被校正1997 年7月29 日
* 8.1.2 一些材料, 由于他們的薄, 變形, 收縮, 或被消耗由藏品鉗位決定當(dāng)服從對這個(gè)測試。這些材料也許被測試與試驗(yàn)過程符合在稀薄的物質(zhì)灼燒的測試; VTM-0, VTM-1, VTM-2... 部分11, 假設(shè)標(biāo)本可能適當(dāng)?shù)乇恍纬伞?
* 8.1.2 被校正1997 年7月29 日* 8.1.3 表8.1 指定物質(zhì)分類。 表8.1 材料分類 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件 V-0 V-1 V-2 Afterflame 時(shí)間為各單獨(dú)標(biāo)本t 或t1 2 總afterflame 時(shí)間為任一個(gè)情況設(shè)置了(t 加上t 為5 specimens)1 2 Afterflame 加上殘光時(shí)間為各個(gè)單獨(dú)標(biāo)本在第二種火焰應(yīng)用以后(t +t)2 3 Afterflame 或殘光任一個(gè)標(biāo)本由藏品鉗位棉花顯示決定點(diǎn)燃了由火焰狀微�；蛳侣� #10s #50s #30s 沒有沒有 #30s #250s #60s 沒有沒有 #30s #250s #60s 沒有是 * 表8.1 被校正1997 年7月29 日* 8

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